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Data type is used to represent the kind of data that database of tables can hold.
SQL data types
- Exact Numeric data type
- Approximate Numeric data type
- Character String data type
- Date and Time data type
- Binary data type
- Other data type
SQL - Exact Numeric Data Type - INTEGER
| Keyword | Range | Storage size |
|---|
| bit(size) | 0,1 or NULL | 1 bit |
| tinyint | 0 to 255 | 1 bytes |
| smallint | -32,768 to 32,767 | 2 bytes |
| int(size) | -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 | 4 bytes |
| bigint | -2^63 (-9,223,372,036,854,775,808) to 2^63-1 (9,223,372,036,854,775,807) | 8 bytes |
| decimal(p,[s]) | -10^38+1 to +10^38-1 | 5-17 bytes |
| numeric(p,[s]) | -10^38+1 to +10^38-1 | 5-17 bytes |
| Smallmoney | -214,748.3648 to +214,748.3647 | 4 bytes |
| Money | -922,337,203,685,477.5808 to +922,337,203,685,477.5807 | 8 bytes |
SQL - Approximate Numeric Data Types - float and real
| Keyword | Range | Storage size |
|---|
| float | -1.79E+308 to 1.79E+308 | 4-8 bytes |
| real | -3.40E+38 to 3.40E+38 | 4 bytes |
SQL Data Type - Character
| Datatype | Description |
|---|
| char(n) | n=1 to 8000 fixed length non- unicode character. |
| varchar(n/max) | n= 1 to 8000 variable length non unicod characters. max= 2E+31 variable length nonunicode characters. |
| text(n) | n=1 to 2,147,483,647 (2GB) variable length unicode characters. |
Unicode Character String Data Types
| Datatype | Description |
|---|
| nchar(n) | n=1 to 4000 fixed length unicode characters string. |
| nvarchar(n/max) | n= 1 to 4000 variable length unicod characters string. max= 2E+31 variable length unicode charaters string. |
| ntext | Variable length unicode characters string with maximum length of 1,073,741,823 characters. |
SQL Binary Data Types
| Datatype | Description |
|---|
| binary | Fixed length binary data with maximum length of 8000 bytes |
| varbinary | Variable length binary data with maximum length of 8000 bytes |
| varbinary(max) | Variable length binary data with maximum length of 2E+31 bytes(SQL server 2005 only) |
| image | Variable length binary data with maximum length of 2,147,483,64bytes |
SQL Date and Time Data Types
| Datatype | Description | Size |
|---|
| datetime | Datetime used to store both date and time with accuracy of 3.33 milliseconds. Format: YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss. Date range from Jan 1, 1753 to Dec 31,9999 and time range from 00:00:00 to 23:59:59.997 | 8 bytes |
| smalldatetime | Date range from Jan 1, 1900 to Jun 30 ,2079 and time range from 00:00:00 to 23:59:59 | 4 bytes |
| date | Date in SQL stores only date and its range from Jan 1, 001 to Dec 31, 9999 Format:YYYY-MM-DD | 3 bytes |
| time | Time in SQL Stores only time with accuracy of 100 nanoseconds. Its range from 00:00:0000000 to 23:59:59.9999999 Format:hh:mm:ss | 3 to 5 |
| timestamp | timestamp specifies the date, time and timezone information |
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